Meta references in this episode:
- Everyone's a critic: Abed acknowledges certain fans' tendency to call episodes like "Modern Espionage" parodies, indirectly telling viewers that "homage" is the more appropriate term.
- Homage:
- The episode's plot, opening sequence and some of its action set pieces are derived from spy movies. According to Dan Harmon it was meant to be based more on current spy films like Bourne and Mission: Impossible franchises and not the old style James Bond-type thrillers.
- On commentary for this episode, Community creator Dan Harmon confirmed the paintball gun fight with Star-Burns and Todd in the parking garage was inspired by the opening scene of Highlander.
- The elevator scene with Dean Pelton is an homage to a scene in the 2014 film Captain America: The Winter Soldier which itself was paying tribute to an action sequence from the 1995 Bruce Willis movie Die Hard With A Vengeance. Dan Harmon confirmed in an episode commentary this was a nod to former Community executive producers the Russo brothers who directed that particular Marvel Entertainment film. Danny Pudi (Abed) makes a cameo appearance in said-film as a S.H.I.E.L.D. technician.
- When shooting breaks out during the gala, Annie and Abed are shooting people with their backs to each other, but they then turn to face each other and continue shooting. This is a reference to the final action scene in the 2005 film Mr & Mrs. Smith.
- The scene where Lapari, Dean and Jeff shoot each other is a possible reference to the final scene in the The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.
- The scene with Britta and Elroy looking at Koogler's thumb drive is a parody of hacking films and police procedurals. The image of Lapari loads slowly in order to be a gradual reveal, which happened with 90s-era Internet, but the Dean points out that this would not happen with modern download speeds. Elroy has keystrokes programmed to make pictures load slowly.
- Vicki and Garrett stage an elaborate show piece designed to promote their next show, but when the audience reacts negatively to their manipulative staging they claim their work is "performance art" similar to Andy Kaufman's work. Kaufman was notorious for occasionally doing bits that were deliberately designed to provoke a negative reaction from his audience.
- The "Steamy Pipe Exhibit" parodies the cliché of using steam pipes to make action scenes atmospheric.
- IRL: Lapari calls Abed Indian, only to be told that he is Arab. Actor Danny Pudi is indeed half-Indian.
- Résumé:
- Dean Pelton guesses that Lapari has done stand-up which refers to actor Kumail Nanjiani 's stand-up career.
- Erik Charles Nielsen's stand-up career is also acknowledged with Garrett's stand-up in the end tag.
- Up against the wall:
- Frankie's parting words to Star-Burns are "Bye forever, Star-Burns". This was his last appearance on the series.
- After getting in the elevator where "Daybreak" is playing, Pelton asks if it's "the only thing they play in [the elevator]", a reference to the recurrence of the song throughout the series.
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